Cyber risk is increasingly mischaracterised as a purely technical problem, obscuring its role as a systemic accelerator of economic, social, and institutional crises. This article argues that in digitally dependent and AI-amplified environments, cyber incidents rarely act as isolated disruptions; instead, they intensify existing fragilities across governance structures, markets, and public trust. By examining ransomware attacks, data breaches, disinformation campaigns, and AI-enabled failures, the analysis shows how cyber risk propagates beyond infrastructure damage to undermine economic stability, institutional legitimacy, and social cohesion. The article highlights how automation and artificial intelligence amplify both the speed and scale of disruption, extending the impact of cyber incidents well beyond technical recovery timelines. Drawing on contemporary cybersecurity governance frameworks and systemic risk literature, the article reframes cyber risk as a governance and preparedness challenge, rather than a narrow security concern. It concludes that effective cyber governance must integrate forensic accountability, economic foresight, and institutional resilience to prevent digital incidents from escalating into broader societal crises.
The article explores how to design and implement a cyber intelligence early warning system, conceived as a “radar” capable of detecting weak threat signals before they materialise. By mapping critical assets, integrating diverse sources (OSINT, dark web, internal telemetry, and commercial feeds) and applying risk prioritisation models such as FAIR, the system translates raw information into targeted alerts with high operational impact. A logical architecture is outlined, combining data collection, advanced analysis, continuous feedback loops for constant refinement, and compliance with key regulatory frameworks (GDPR, NIS2, and the Budapest Convention). The article also highlights the role of key metrics (MTTD, MTTR) and the sharing of intelligence with trusted communities, ISACs, and CERTs to amplify early warning capabilities and strengthen organisational resilience.

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